Ibiranga no gusana ibyangiritse kuri kibaho
Kwangirika kwa capacitori nikosa rikunze kugaragara mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki, hamwe na capacitori ya electrolytike irashobora kwibasirwa cyane.
Kwangirika kwa capacitori kugaragara nka: 1. Kugabanya ubushobozi 2. Gutakaza burundu ubushobozi bwa 3. Kumeneka; 4. Inzira ngufi
Ibiranga no kumenya ibyangiritse
Benshi mubatangiye bakunze guhangana nabarwanya iyo bakemura ibibazo byumuzunguruko, kubitandukanya no kugurisha bitari ngombwa. Ariko, iyo umaze gusobanukirwa ibiranga kwangirika kwabarwanya, biba bigoye cyane.
Resistors nibintu byinshi mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ariko ntabwo byangiritse cyane. Umuzunguruko ufunguye nubwoko bukunze kwangirika kwabarwanya, mugihe kwiyongera kwurwanya bidakunze kubaho, kandi kugabanuka kwurwanya ni gake cyane. Ubwoko busanzwe bwa résistoriste burwanya firime ya karubone, ibyuma birwanya ibyuma, ibyuma bikomeretsa insinga, hamwe na fusible resistance.
Urashobora gutangira kugenzura agaciro-résistoriste ku kibaho cyumuzunguruko kubimenyetso byose byerekana ibimenyetso byaka. Abenshi mu barwanya ibyangiritse bafite uruziga rufunguye cyangwa rwongerewe agaciro ko guhangana, kandi abarwanya-agaciro gakomeye barashobora kwangirika. Urashobora gukoresha multimeter kugirango upime mu buryo butaziguye imbaraga zo kurwanya agaciro gakomeye kurubaho. Niba ibipimo byapimwe birenze agaciro kizina, résistoriste yangiritse. Witondere gutegereza gusoma byasomwe kugirango uhagarare mbere yo gufata imyanzuro kuko capacator zibangikanye na rezistor zishobora gukorerwa cyangwa gusohora. Niba ibipimo byapimwe bitarenze agaciro k'izina, mubisanzwe ntukeneye kubyitondera cyane. Mugupima buri résistoriste ku kibaho cyumuzunguruko muri ubu buryo, ntuzirengagiza ibibazo byose bishobora kubaho, nubwo wibeshye ukamenya bimwe.
Uburyo bwo gusuzuma ubuziranenge bwibikorwa byongera imbaraga (Op-Amps)
Ibikorwa byongerera imbaraga ibikorwa biranga 'virtual short' na 'virtual open', bifite akamaro kanini mugihe usesenguye imiyoboro ya op-amp kumirongo ikoreshwa. Kugirango ubone umurongo, op-amps igomba gukorana nibitekerezo (ibitekerezo bibi). Nta bitekerezo, op-amp mubikorwa bifunguye-ikora ikora igereranya. Kugirango umenye uko igikoresho kimeze, banza umenye niba ikoreshwa nka amplifier cyangwa igereranya mukuzunguruka.
Ukurikije ihame ryibintu bigufi, niba amplifier ikora ikora neza, voltage kumurongo winjiza no kudahindura ibyinjira bigomba kuba bingana, kandi niyo haba hari itandukaniro, biri murwego rwa milivolt. Byumvikane ko, mubice bimwe byinjira byinjira, inzitizi yimbere ya multimeter irashobora kugira ingaruka nkeya kubipimo bya voltage, ariko ntibigomba kurenga 0.2V. Niba witegereje itandukaniro rirenga 0.5V, ni ikimenyetso cyerekana amplifier ikora nabi.
Niba igikoresho gikoreshwa nkugereranya, biremewe ko inyongeramusaruro idahinduka kandi ihindura kugira voltage zingana. Iyo voltage idahindagurika iruta ihindagurika rya voltage, ibisohoka voltage yegera ibyiza byinshi. Niba ubonye voltage idakurikiza iri tegeko, igikoresho gishobora kuba gifite amakosa.
Ubu buryo buragufasha gusuzuma imikorere ya amplifier ikora udakoresheje uburyo bwo gusimbuza cyangwa gukuramo chip ku kibaho cyumuzunguruko.
1. Inama nziza yo kugerageza SMT hamwe na Multimeter
Ibice bimwe na bimwe bya tekinoroji (SMT) ni bito cyane, kandi kubigerageza hamwe na metero zisanzwe za metero zirashobora kutoroha kandi birashobora guteza akaga imiyoboro migufi cyangwa ingorane zo kugera kubice byicyuma bitewe no gutwikira. Hano hari uburyo bworoshye kandi bworoshye bwo gukora ibizamini byoroshye.
Fata bibiri mu nshinge ntoya zidoda, ubihambire cyane kuri probe yawe ya multimeter, hanyuma ukoreshe insinga nziza z'umuringa zivuye mumigozi myinshi kugirango ubone iperereza hamwe ninshinge hamwe nugurisha. Iyi mikorere igufasha kugerageza ibice bya SMT hamwe nurushinge rwashizweho nta ngaruka zo kuzunguruka. Inama zinshinge zirashobora gutobora imyenda ikingira kandi ikagera ahantu h'ingenzi bitabaye ngombwa ko uyikuraho.
2. Uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo kuriInama yumuzungurukoImbaraga Zisanzwe Zigufi
Mugihe cyo gukemura ibibazo byumuzunguruko hamwe nimbaraga zisanzwe zumuzunguruko, birashobora kuba ingorabahizi, cyane cyane mugihe ibice byinshi bisangiye imbaraga zimwe. Ibice byinshi kurubaho, niko bigenda bigorana kumenya aho umuyoboro mugufi ukoresheje uburyo bwo 'guhanagura'. Mubihe nkibi, uburyo bunoze burashobora gusabwa, bikagabanya cyane igihe gikenewe kugirango umenye ibice bitari byo.
Kugira ngo ukoreshe ubu buryo, ukenera voltage ihindagurika hamwe nu mashanyarazi agezweho hamwe na voltage ya 0-30V hamwe nubu 0-3A. Amashanyarazi nkaya ntabwo ahenze cyane, mubisanzwe hafi $ 300. Tangira ushiraho amashanyarazi afunguye kumashanyarazi kumurongo wamashanyarazi. Noneho, hinduranya umuyagankuba ntarengwa hanyuma ushyireho voltage kumashanyarazi kumurongo, nka 5V na 0V ya terefone ya seriveri 74. Ukurikije ubukana bwumuzunguruko mugufi, ongera buhoro buhoro mugihe ukoraho ibice ukoresheje ukuboko kwawe. Iyo wumva ubushyuhe bukomeye buturutse mubice runaka, birashoboka ko ari amakosa. Urashobora noneho kuyikuraho kugirango ubone ibindi bipimo. Witondere kutarenza voltage ikora, kandi wirinde guhindagurika kugirango wirinde kwangirika kubindi bice byiza.
Yayoboye
3. Isiba rito kugirango ikemure ibibazo bikomeye
Nka sisitemu yo kugenzura inganda ikoresha amakarita menshi kandi menshi yo gucomeka, benshi muribo bakoresha zahabu-urutoki. Ibidukikije bikabije byinganda, nkumukungugu, ubushuhe, hamwe na gaze yangirika, birashobora gukurura ibibazo bibi byo guhura hamwe namakarita acomeka. Mugihe bamwe bashobora gukemura ikibazo mugusimbuza ikarita yose, ibi birashobora kuba bihenze cyane cyane kubikoresho byatumijwe hanze. Ahubwo, gerageza ukoreshe reberi. Koresha buhoro intoki za zahabu ukoresheje gusiba kugirango ukureho umwanda no kwanduza, hanyuma wongere ushiremo ikarita. Ubu buryo bworoshye burashobora kuba ingirakamaro.
Gusesengura Amakosa Yumuriro Rimwe na rimwe
Ikosa ry'amashanyarazi rimwe na rimwe rishobora gushyirwa mubice byinshi bishoboka, harimo:
4. Guhuza nabi
Guhuza nabi hagati yamakarita yamakarita
Imiyoboro y'imbere imeneka ikora rimwe na rimwe
Guhuza nabi hagati yinsinga ninsinga
Ibicuruzwa bigurisha bihujwe bidahagije
5. Kwivanga kw'ibimenyetso
Muburyo bwa sisitemu, ibintu byihariye bigomba kubaho kugirango ikibazo kigaragare, gishobora guterwa no kwivanga gukabije bigira ingaruka kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura. Ubundi, ibice bimwe cyangwa ibipimo byabo bishobora kuba byarahindutse, bigatera amakosa.
Ubushyuhe bukabije bwubushyuhe bwibigize
Mubikorwa, ubushobozi bwa electrolytike akenshi usanga bufite ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro. Ibindi bice, nka capacator, transistors, diode, IC, hamwe na résistoriste, nabyo bishobora kwerekana ubushyuhe
ibibazo by'umutekano.
6. Ubushuhe n'umukungugu ku kibaho c'umuzunguruko
Ubushuhe n'umukungugu birashobora gutwara amashanyarazi, bigira ingaruka zo kurwanya. Mugihe cyo kwagura ubushyuhe no kugabanuka, agaciro kokurwanya karashobora guhinduka, bigira ingaruka kumuzunguruko no gutera amakosa.
7. Ibitekerezo bya software
Porogaramu igenzura ibipimo byinshi byumuzunguruko. Niba intera y'ibipimo bimwe na bimwe yashyizwe hasi cyane kandi imikorere ya mashini igahuza n'ibipimo bya software kugira ngo habeho amakosa, impuruza irashobora guterwa. ”
Nyamuneka menya ko ubu busobanuro ari ubusobanuro bwimbitse bwumwandiko watanzwe, kandi amagambo ya tekinike arashobora gutandukana bitewe nurwego rwihariye. Niba ufite ibibazo byihariye cyangwa ukeneye ibindi bisobanuro, wumve neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-19-2023